How to Clean a Vacuum Cleaner Filter: Restore Suction in Minutes

A clogged vacuum filter is the most common cause of reduced suction — and most people never clean theirs. A dirty filter forces the motor to work harder, reduces cleaning effectiveness, and can cause the vacuum to overheat. Cleaning or replacing the filter takes minutes and immediately restores performance. Here's how.

What You'll Need

Replacement Filters for Shark Navigator (2+4 Pack) — includes both HEPA and foam/felt filters; having replacements on hand means you're never without a clean filter
Amazon Basics Microfiber Cleaning Cloths (24-pack) — for wiping filter housing
Cold water (for washable filters)
Soft brush or old toothbrush

Types of Vacuum Filters

Foam filters: Washable; rinse under cold water, air dry 24 hours
Felt filters: Washable; rinse under cold water, air dry 24 hours
HEPA filters: Most are NOT washable — replace on schedule
Pre-motor filters: Usually washable foam or felt
Post-motor/exhaust filters: Often HEPA; usually requires replacement

How Often Should You Clean or Replace Filters?

Check monthly: Hold the filter up to light — if you can't see light through it, it needs cleaning or replacement
Wash foam/felt filters: Every 1–3 months depending on use
Replace HEPA filters: Every 6–12 months regardless of appearance
More frequently: If you have pets, allergies, or vacuum daily

Step 1: Remove Loose Dust

Remove filters from the vacuum (consult your manual for locations)
Take outside or hold over a trash can
Tap gently to dislodge loose dust
Use a soft brush to gently brush surface dust from filter pleats
Never use compressed air on HEPA filters — it damages the filter media

Step 2: Wash Foam and Felt Filters

Rinse under cold running water — never use hot water or soap
Squeeze gently to work water through — never wring or twist
Continue rinsing until water runs clear
Squeeze out excess water gently
Air dry completely for at least 24 hours before reinstalling — a damp filter damages the motor

Step 3: Handle HEPA Filters

Most HEPA filters should NOT be washed:

Tap gently over a trash can to remove loose dust
Wipe the outer frame with a dry cloth
Replace with a new filter from the Shark replacement filter pack every 6–12 months

Step 4: Clean the Filter Housing

While filters dry, wipe the filter housing with a dry microfiber cloth. Remove any dust from the housing walls and filter seat to ensure a proper seal when reinstalled.

Step 5: Reinstall and Test

Ensure all filters are completely dry before reinstalling
Reinstall in the correct order and orientation
Ensure filters are properly seated — an improperly seated filter allows unfiltered air to bypass
Turn on the vacuum and check for improved suction

Signs Your Filter Needs Attention Now

Noticeably reduced suction despite an empty dustbin
Musty or burning smell during vacuuming
Vacuum motor sounds louder than usual
Visible dust being expelled from the exhaust
Increased allergy symptoms after vacuuming

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use my vacuum while the filter is drying?

No — never run a vacuum without its filters. Without filters, dust and debris enter the motor directly, causing permanent damage. Wait the full 24 hours, or use the replacement filters from the Shark filter pack while the washed filters dry.

How do I know if my HEPA filter is washable?

Check your vacuum's manual or the filter itself — washable HEPA filters are labeled "washable" or "rinseable." If not labeled, assume it's not washable and replace on schedule. Washing a non-washable HEPA filter destroys its filtration capability.

Will cleaning the filter restore full suction?

If reduced suction is caused by a clogged filter, yes — cleaning or replacing the filter restores full suction immediately. If suction is still reduced after filter cleaning, check for blockages in the hose, brush roll, and dustbin connection points.

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